Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40737504›Full record

ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2026

The triple effect of colorectal cancer screening: reducing deaths, government spending, and mortality disparities.

Pedro Nascimento de Lima, Lillian Bartholomew, Folasade P May, Gloria D Coronado, Carolyn M Rutter

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Pedro Nascimento de LimaEngineering & Applied Sciences Department, RAND, Arlington, VA, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-9057-198X
Lillian BartholomewRAND School of Public Policy, RAND, Santa Monica, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-1746-0463
Folasade P MayUCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-6706-8171
Gloria D CoronadoPopulation Sciences, Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-1130-6542
Carolyn M RutterFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Hutchinson Institute for Cancer Outcomes Research, Seattle, WA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-4396-8594

Funding

Health and Financial Costs of Unequal Care: Colorectal Cancer as a Case StudyR01MD017599 · NIMHD · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER CENTER · PI RUTTER, CAROLYN M · 2023 to 2025
$2.1M
Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling NetworkNCI NIH HHSNIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD017599NIMHD NIH HHS R01-MD017599NIMHD NIH HHS U01-CA253913
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening accounts for over 60% of cancer screening costs in the United States, prompting recurrent debates about its value. Yet CRC screening remains the main tool to curb overall CRC incidence, mortality, and disparities that affect Black Americans. Using the race-specific CRC-SPIN microsimulation model, we show that CRC screening in the United States simultaneously achieves three goals: it saves lives by preventing 24 deaths per 1000 Black Americans screened with the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and 26 screened with colonoscopy; saves tax dollars by shifting costs from Medicare to private payers; and reduces racial incidence and mortality disparities, helping offset disparities in CRC survival. Both FIT and colonoscopy screening are cost-effective relative to no screening, with annual FIT remaining the most cost-effective option. Changes to policy requiring coverage of preventive care services must avoid compromising the effectiveness of CRC screening-arguably the greatest equalizer of cancer disparities.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanColonoscopyColorectal NeoplasmsEarly Detection of CancerHealthcare DisparitiesMass ScreeningAgedCost-Benefit AnalysisFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMedicareMiddle AgedOccult BloodUnited States

Identifiers

PMID40737504
PMCPMC13014358

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.