Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40737392›Full record

ArticleScience advances2025

Machine learning-assisted exploration of multidrug-drug administration regimens for organoid arrays.

Ilya Yakavets, Sina Kheiri, Jennifer Cruickshank, Riley J Hickman, Faeze Rakhshani, Matteo Aldeghi, Ella M Rajaonson, Edmond W K Young, Alán Aspuru-Guzik, David W Cescon and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Organoids for disease modeling and treatment: state-of-the-art.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Materiobiology in the omics era.Materials today. Bio · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ilya YakavetsDepartment of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-0373-5160
Sina KheiriDepartment of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-9934-4297
Jennifer CruickshankPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada.ORCID 0009-0007-4963-3430
Riley J HickmanChemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
Faeze RakhshaniDepartment of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.ORCID 0009-0008-8767-1240
Matteo AldeghiChemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-0019-8806
Ella M RajaonsonChemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
Edmond W K YoungDepartment of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-1274-5478
Alán Aspuru-GuzikChemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-8277-4434
David W CesconPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-1080-0998
Eugenia KumachevaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-5942-3890

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Combination therapies enhance the therapeutic effect of cancer treatment; however, identifying effective interdependent doses, durations, and sequences of multidrug administration regimens is a time- and labor-intensive task. Here, we integrated machine learning, automation, and large microfluidic arrays of cancer spheroids or patient-derived organoids formed in a tissue-mimetic hydrogel to achieve notable acceleration of the discovery of effective multidrug administration regimens. For the clinically approved drug combination, we found a sequential administration regimen leading to a substantial reduction in the total drug dose, in comparison with concurrent drug supply, both at comparable drug efficacy. For the drugs that are currently under clinical development, we found a synergistic effect of concurrently administered drugs and showed that the synergy diminishes for the sequential drug supply. The developed strategy holds promise for the discovery of effective combination therapies for advanced cancer treatment, including personalized chemotherapies.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsMachine LearningNeoplasmsOrganoidsCell Line, TumorDrug SynergismHumansSpheroids, Cellular

Identifiers

PMID40737392
PMCPMC12309667

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.