ArticlePloS one2025
Additive effects of Trichoderma isolates for enhancing growth, suppressing southern blight and modulating plant defense enzymes in tomato.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mechanisms of action and biocontrol potential ofFrontiers in fungal biology · 2026Review
- Microbial agents enhance the yield and quality of pears by regulating the composition and networks of microbial communities in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Southern blight, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, poses a significant economic threat to tomato cultivation. This study involved the isolation, characterization, and evaluation of three selected Trichoderma isolates (Tri2, Tri3, and Tri6), applied individually and in combination, for their potential to promote plant growth and suppress southern blight under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. These isolates exhibited multiple plant growth-promoting traits, including cellulase, protease, amylase, lipase, catalase, and phosphate-solubilizing activities. Furthermore, they performed as efficient antagonists, inhibiting the mycelial growth by up to 88.8% and the oxalic acid production of S. rolfsii by up to 81.9%. The Trichoderma isolates significantly enhanced tomato seed germination and seedling vigor (p < 0.05). In seed tray and pot, experiments, consortium treatments (dual and triple application) demonstrated significantly greater plant height (≤168.8%), biomass (≤507.3%), leaf number (≤150%), leaf diameter (≤86.2%), chlorophyll content (≤322%), stem diameter (≤129.1%), gas exchange parameters, and root colonization than control and single treatments (p < 0.05). Additionally, these consortium treatments exhibited significantly higher efficacy in reducing damping-off (≤92%) and southern blight severity (≤80%) caused by S. rolfsii, compared to untreated plants (p < 0.05). Biochemical analyses revealed that Trichoderma-treated plants challenged with S. rolfsii showed reduced oxidative stress, evidenced by lower hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The treatments also increased osmoprotectant levels such as soluble sugars, proline, phenolics, and flavonoids, along with the activities of defense-related enzymes, including peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), compared to S. rolfsii-infected controls (p < 0.05). Under field conditions, treating S. rolfsii-inoculated plants with Trichoderma isolates, whether singly, in pairs, or as a trio, significantly increased plant height, yield, and fruit Brix content (p < 0.05). The consortium application (Tri2 + Tri3 and Tri2 + Tri3 + Tri6) led to the highest increases in plant height (≤94%), fruit number (≤114%), yield (≤19.59 t/ha), and Brix (≤4.88). These findings suggest that the additive interactions among Trichoderma isolates enhance tomato growth and suppress S. rolfsii, offering an eco-friendly and effective strategy for managing southern blight.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.