SynthesisCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2025
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Survival among Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Care delivery among patients with early-onset versus average-onset cholangiocarcinoma: a nationwide retrospective analysis.ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Perioperative approaches for patients with biliary tract cancer.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an increasing cause of mortality in the United States; however, the burden of CCA disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minority groups. We aimed to characterize racial and ethnic differences in stage, treatment, and survival among patients with CCA.
methodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE and Embase through March 2023 for all studies reporting clinical outcomes among patients with CCA stratified by race and ethnicity. We calculated pooled HRs using the DerSimonian and Laird method for a random-effects model.
resultsOf 292 articles, 16 met inclusion criteria (n = 248,109 patients). Among six studies (n = 87,938) reporting overall survival, Black patients had worse survival [pooled HR, 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.10], whereas Hispanic (pooled HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.83-0.89) and Asian/Pacific Islander (pooled HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.85-0.90) patients had better survival than White patients. Compared with White patients, Black and Hispanic patients were less likely to present at an early stage, and Black patients were less likely to undergo resection (pooled OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.63-0.75). The limitations of studies were lack of granularity on subtype and risk of residual confounding.
conclusionsThere are racial and ethnic differences in CCA prognosis in the United States, with Black patients having worse survival and Hispanic and Asian patients having better survival than White patients. Studies are needed to identify actionable factors underlying this disparity to promote health equity and improve outcomes for patients. IMPACT: There exist racial discrepancies in survival and treatment for CCA; more studies are needed to better understand the extent and causes of discrepancies.
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