Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40736450›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes investigation2025

Endothelial Activation Stress Index predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes: A nationwide study.

Gaiying Dong, Tingting Wu, Xiaofan Gu, Yuyi Feng, Liangliang Wu, Zhiwen Hu

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Article in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

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0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Association of the Modified Endothelial Activation and Stress Index with MASLD and Liver Fibrosis: Effect Modification by Magnesium Intake.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Gaiying DongDepartment of Medical Ultrasound, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Tingting WuDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University North District, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Xiaofan GuDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Yuyi FengDepartment of Medical Ultrasound, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Liangliang WuDepartment of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9178-8440
Zhiwen HuDepartment of Medical Ultrasound, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-6083

Funding

Guangzhou General Science and Technology Project of Health and Family Planning 20241A011012Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project 2024A03J1021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionEvidence suggests that the Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX) predicts mortality in endothelium-related conditions, but its link to mortality risk in diabetes remains unclear. This study investigates the association between EASIX and mortality risk in diabetes patients.

methodsWe included 3,252 diabetes patients from seven National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles (2003-2016). Mortality data were sourced from National Death Index records. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression assessed the EASIX-mortality risk relationship, while the maximally selected rank statistics method (MSRSM) identified the optimal EASIX cutoff for survival outcomes. Weighted multivariable Cox regression models evaluated the association of EASIX with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

resultsOver a median follow-up of 91 months, 895 (27.5%) of 3,252 diabetes patients died, including 260 (8.0%) from cardiovascular and 635 (19.5%) from noncardiovascular causes. RCS analysis showed a positive association between EASIX and both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Each one-unit EASIX increase raised all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risks by 27% and 24%, respectively. MSRSM classified patients into higher (>0.70) and lower (≤0.70) EASIX groups. Those with higher EASIX had a significantly greater risk of all-cause (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.21-2.01) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.33-3.16). Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis showed AUCs for 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival were 0.78, 0.72, 0.70, and 0.69 (all-cause) and 0.90, 0.81, 0.76, and 0.73 (cardiovascular).

conclusionsElevated EASIX is independently associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in diabetes patients, highlighting its potential as a valuable clinical biomarker.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes MellitusEndothelium, VascularAdultAgedBiomarkersCause of DeathFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysPrognosisRisk FactorsBiomarkersDiabetesEndothelial Activation and Stress IndexMortality

Identifiers

PMID40736450
PMCPMC12489318

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.