ArticlePNAS nexus2025
Mitigating the harms of manipulated media: Confronting deepfakes and digital deception.
Article in PNAS nexus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The psychology of manipulative visibility in the digital public sphere: a discourse analysis of audience reactions to deceptive Instagram content.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence Physician Avatars for Patient Education: A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ability to distort the visual record is not new. Airbrushed images attempted to alter the historical archives in the early 1900s. Today, digitally manipulated cheapfakes and deepfakes supercharge the spread of lies and conspiracies. While not fundamentally new, today's enhanced ability to easily create, distribute, and amplify manipulated media has heightened the risks. Reasonable and proportional interventions can and should be adopted that would allow for the creative uses of these powerful new technologies while mitigating the risk they pose to individuals, societies, and democracies.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.