ArticleFood technology and biotechnology2025
Optimisation of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Conditions Using Response Surface Methodology and Identification of Thymoquinone from Black Cumin (
Article in Food technology and biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparative analysis of phytochemical traits, proximate composition, and metabolite diversity in Nigella sativa L. genotypes from India.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Exploring the Multifaceted Phytochemical Profile ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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Abstract
Research background: Experimental approach: In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction method was used with response surface methodology (RSM) software to extract the bioactive compounds, including total phenolic content (TPC) and compounds that can bind free DPPH radical. To increase the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds, the following parameters were examined: the ratio of the mass of seed powder to the volume of solvent of 50-100 %, extraction temperature of 30 °C, amplitude of 30-60 % and extraction time of 30-60 min. Black cumin seed extracts were characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was carried out to identify thymoquinone. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of thymoquinone and several functional groups, including amines, alkanes, acids, esters, alkyls and alkenes. Results and conclusions: Ultrasonic extraction using methanol as a solvent resulted in a higher yield of thymoquinone (28.62 %), identified using GC-MS analysis. The presence of thymoquinone was further confirmed by the functional groups detected in FTIR analysis. Under the specified extraction conditions, total phenolic content (TPC, expressed as gallic acid equivalents), yield (in %) and DPPH radical scavenging activity increased by approx. 271.03 mg/g, and 4.5 and 83.06 %, respectively. In addition to thymoquinone, thymohydroquinone was also identified based on its molecular mass, retention time and peak values. Thymoquinone, a natural and potent phytochemical, offers a range of therapeutic properties, including immune-enhancing potential. Novelty and scientific contribution: Thymoquinone is a bioactive compound found in black cumin seeds, known for its potent antioxidant and immunity boosting properties. This research was conducted achieve the best possible extraction conditions for bioactive substances. Additionally, the results support the potential of thymoquinone as a therapeutic agent to treat various health conditions. The novelty lies in the development and optimisation of extraction techniques to maximise the yield and bioactivity of thymoquinone, a compound renowned for its robust antioxidant and immune-modulating properties. This work uniquely bridges the gap between the traditional use of black cumin and modern scientific validation, and addresses global health priorities. The results emphasise the importance of
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