ReviewCureus2025
Serum Galectin-3 and Risk Stratification in Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of Mortality Outcomes.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The prognostic value of circulating soluble ST2 in patients with chronic heart failure.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Pooled it
- The Clinical Value of NT-proBNP, sST2, and Galectin-3 in the Management of Heart Failure: From Diagnosis to Dynamic Monitoring: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From Oxidative Stress to Fibrotic Remodeling: Integrating Redox Biology, Galectin-3, and Imaging Phenotypes in Heart Failure.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Correlation analysis of Serum NT-pro-BNP, IGFBP-7 and CTRP12 levels in chronic heart failure patients.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2026Article
- Novel blood biomarkers for heart failure mortality: mechanistic pathways, aging biology, and risk stratification.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Pediatric heart failure in the era of cardio-immunology: inflammatory-immune context phenotypes, diagnosis, and targeted management.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) has emerged as a potential biomarker for risk stratification in chronic heart failure (HF), given its role in cardiac fibrosis and inflammation. However, its independent prognostic value and clinical utility remain controversial. This systematic review evaluates the association between serum Gal-3 levels and mortality outcomes in chronic HF patients, addressing its consistency, interaction with treatments, and comparative performance against established biomarkers. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Twelve studies meeting the inclusion criteria (original research assessing Gal-3 and mortality in chronic HF) were selected. Data on study characteristics, prognostic value, and treatment interactions were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Elevated Gal-3 levels were consistently associated with increased mortality in univariate analyses. However, its independent prognostic significance diminished in multivariate models adjusting for N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (ST2), or high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT). Gal-3 demonstrated modifiability with therapies like sacubitril/valsartan but showed inconsistent interactions with beta-blockers (β-blockers) and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs). Compared to other biomarkers, Gal-3 underperformed in risk stratification, though it added value in multimarker panels. Methodological heterogeneity, particularly in assay standardization and cut-offs, was a key limitation across studies. While Gal-3 correlates with adverse outcomes in chronic HF, its incremental prognostic value is limited alongside established biomarkers. Standardization of measurements and further research into its therapeutic implications are needed. Gal-3 may currently serve best as part of a multimarker strategy rather than a standalone prognostic tool.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.