ArticleCureus2025
Venous Blood Gas (VBG) Analysis Is as Safe and Equally Reliable as Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis in the Determination of Prognosis in Chronic Liver Disease Patients: A Study Conducted in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Uttar Pradesh, India.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction Chronic liver disease (CLD) frequently causes systemic complications, including acid-base disturbances, significantly influencing patient prognosis. Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is traditionally utilized to monitor these disturbances, but presents procedural risks, especially in patients with coagulopathies, which is a well-known complication of chronic liver disease (CLD). Venous blood gas (VBG) analysis has emerged as a safer alternative, yet its prognostic significance in CLD requires further investigation. Aim & objective This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of venous blood gas parameters in chronic liver disease patients. The objectives included assessing VBG parameters in CLD patients, correlating these parameters with disease severity using the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score, and determining their predictive role in patient outcomes and mortality. Methodology A hospital-based observational cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2022 to January 2025 at S. N. Medical College, Agra, including 253 patients diagnosed with CLD. VBG parameters such as pH, pCO₂, bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), base excess, and serum lactate were measured upon admission. Clinical severity was classified using the CTP score, and outcomes including complications, hospital stay, and mortality were analyzed. Data analysis employed descriptive and inferential statistical methods using SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results Among participants, 63.24% were male, with alcohol-related liver disease being the most common etiology (47.8%). Significant differences were observed in VBG parameters across CTP classes, with lower pH (7.21±0.09) and bicarbonate (16.3±4.1 mmol/L) and elevated lactate (4.9±1.7 mmol/L) in CTP Class C (p<0.001). Strong correlations existed between lactate levels and CTP scores (r=0.82, p<0.001). Elevated lactate (>4.5 mmol/L) was the most potent independent mortality predictor (adjusted HR=7.1). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significantly decreased 30-day survival rates with increased lactate and worsening CTP class (p<0.001). Conclusion VBG parameters, particularly elevated lactate and decreased pH, provide critical prognostic information in CLD patients, correlating strongly with disease severity and mortality. Incorporating VBG analysis in routine clinical practice enhances risk stratification and management of hospitalized CLD patients, offering a safer, reliable, and practical alternative to arterial blood gas analysis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.