Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40734185›Full record

Observational studyZoonoses and public health2025

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Human Health Implications of Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter spp. in Vermont Backyard Poultry.

Chelsey A Patch, Katalin M Larsen, Cheryl M Armstrong, Siddhartha Kanrar, Alessandra M Michaelides, Purna Chakraborty, Kelcey Harper, Valarie Devlin, Lorrie Martin, Alia Lunna and 4 more

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Zoonoses and public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Chelsey A PatchDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2498-3701
Katalin M LarsenDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
Cheryl M ArmstrongUnited States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA.
Siddhartha KanrarUnited States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2711-7677
Alessandra M MichaelidesDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
Purna ChakrabortyDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0379-5932
Kelcey HarperVermont Department of Health Laboratory, Colchester, Vermont, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0899-2534
Valarie DevlinVermont Department of Health Laboratory, Colchester, Vermont, USA.
Lorrie MartinVermont Department of Health Laboratory, Colchester, Vermont, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7626-949X
Alia LunnaDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
Hannah L BlackwellDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
Sarah C NguyenUnited States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA.
Anna PennyDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
Andrea J EtterDepartment of Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0204-0239

Funding

Agricultural Research Service 0201-88888-002-000DAgricultural Research Service 0201-88888-003-000DAgricultural Research Service 8072-42000-093DU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationVermont Agricultural Experiment Station VT-H02812MS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionBackyard poultry (BYP) are increasingly linked to cases of campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis.

methodsBetween 2022 and 2024, soiled bedding samples from 70 BYP farms were tested for Campylobacter spp. and/or Salmonella enterica.

resultsNine farms (12.86%) had at least one sample positive for S. enterica, while 19.05% (12/63) tested positive for Campylobacter spp. We sequenced 54 S. enterica isolates from eight farms in this sample and four farms from previous sampling in 2021 (n = 12 total farms) to determine the genetic characteristics of S. enterica from backyard poultry. Salmonella Schwarzengrund was the most common serovar (33%; 18/54) found, followed by Kentucky (16.7%; 9/54) and serovars Hadar (14.8%; 8/54) and Enteritidis (14.8%; 8/54). Though over half of isolates (51.9%; 28/54) exhibited no predicted genotypic or phenotypic resistance to antimicrobials, some serovars such as Salmonella Hadar were resistant to multiple antimicrobials. Four isolates had intermediate phenotypic resistance to ciprofloxacin and two were resistant to ampicillin.

conclusionsIn summary, the frequency of Campylobacter and Salmonella in BYP populations of Vermont may pose a significant public health risk. Although the rate of antimicrobial resistance was low among S. enterica isolates, resistance to medically important antibiotics was observed, and isolate serovars aligned with serovars implicated in human illness in Vermont.

Indexed as

Animal HusbandryCampylobacterCampylobacter InfectionsPoultrySalmonella entericaSalmonella InfectionsSalmonella Infections, AnimalAnimalsCross-Sectional StudiesDrug Resistance, MicrobialFarmsHousing, AnimalHumansRisk FactorsVermontWhole Genome Sequencingantimicrobial resistancebackyard poultrycampylobacterpublic healthsalmonellazoonoses

Identifiers

PMID40734185
PMCPMC12508789

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.