Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40733683›Full record

ArticleVaccines2025

BCG Vaccination Potentially Modulates the Transcriptome of Infant CD4 T Cells in Addition to Age-Dependent Immune Ontogeny-Associated Changes.

Vidya Vijayan Karuvan Kandiyil, Eunchong Kang, Emily Coates, Portia Kamthunzi, Gerald Tegha, Mina Hosseinipour, Di Wu, Fei Zou, Kristina De Paris

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Vidya Vijayan Karuvan KandiyilDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Eunchong KangDepartment of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.ORCID 0009-0009-5091-8227
Emily CoatesVaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MA 20892, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7561-351X
Portia KamthunziUNC Project Malawi, Lilongwe P.O. Box 1056, Malawi.
Gerald TeghaUNC Project Malawi, Lilongwe P.O. Box 1056, Malawi.
Mina HosseinipourUNC Project Malawi, Lilongwe P.O. Box 1056, Malawi.ORCID 0000-0003-2174-313X
Di WuDepartment of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Fei ZouDepartment of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Kristina De ParisDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5199-3004

Funding

Project 2: Microbial determinants of HIV broadly-neutralizing antibody precursor induction in infantsP01AI178377 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Kristina De Paris, Sallie R. Permar · 2023 to 2026
$7.7M
NIAID NIH HHS 1R21 AI276319NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI178377
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is part of the Extended Programme on Immunization (EPI) and as such is generally administered at birth. The global introduction of BCG not only protected many vaccinated infants against severe complications of tuberculosis but also resulted in markedly reduced overall childhood mortality. Studies in human adults determined that BCG vaccination induces epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune cells (also known as trained immunity) and can also enhance T cell responses to both mycobacterial and non-mycobacterial antigens. GOAL AND

methodsThe current study tested the hypothesis that BCG immunization similarly impacts the functionally distinct infant immune system. Towards this goal, we applied RNA sequencing to assess transcriptome changes in circulating CD4

resultsIn the first three months of life, transcriptome changes of infant CD4 T cells implied a functional shift towards T helper 1 and Th17 immunity. Vaccination with BCG resulted in additional modulation of the CD4 T cell transcriptome and differentially expressed genes could be linked to metabolomic function.

conclusionsThese findings are consistent with data reported in BCG vaccinated adults and contribute to the understanding of molecular changes in infant CD4 T cells that may explain the improved capacity of the infant immune system to respond to pathogens after BCG vaccination.

Indexed as

BCG vaccinationimmune ontogenyinfant CD4 T cell transcriptomesignaling pathways

Identifiers

PMID40733683
PMCPMC12298075

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.