ArticleVaccines2025
Virus-like Particle Vaccine for Feline Panleukopenia: Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy in Cats.
Article in Vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunoinformatics-Guided Computational Design and In Silico Validation of Multi-Epitope Vaccine Candidates Targeting Canine and Feline Parvoviruses.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Advances in Feline Panleukopenia Virus Vaccines: Immunological Mechanisms, Current Challenges, and Future Perspectives.Viruses · 2026Review
- Donor Plasmid Optimization Enhances Expression of Feline Parvovirus VP2 Protein in the Baculovirus Expression Vector System.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Evaluating triple inactivated vaccine-induced immunity from a large-scale study in feline population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesFeline panleukopenia, caused by FPV, is a highly contagious disease in cats. Current vaccines face challenges including complex production, high cost, and safety risks. Developing safer, more efficient alternatives is crucial. This study aimed to produce FPV virus-like particles (VLPs) using a recombinant baculovirus system expressing the VP2 gene and evaluate their immunogenicity and protective efficacy in cats.
methodsSf9 insect cells were infected with recombinant baculovirus to express VP2 protein. The VP2 protein was purified using ultrafiltration and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the assembly of VLPs. Twenty healthy cats were randomly divided into four groups; three groups received different doses (5 μg, 15 μg, and 45 μg) of FPV VLP vaccine, while the fourth group served as the control group immunized with PBS. Blood samples were collected on day 21 to measure hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody responses. Cats in the 15 μg dose group were challenged with virulent FPV strain 708 on day 21, and clinical signs and white blood cell counts were monitored for 10 days.
resultsImmunized cats exhibited significantly higher HI and VN antibody titers compared to controls. After challenge, vaccinated cats showed no clinical signs of disease, and their white blood cell counts remained stable. In contrast, control cats developed severe symptoms and experienced significant leukopenia.
conclusionsThe FPV VLP vaccine generated in this study are highly immunogenic and provide effective protection against virulent FPV challenge, demonstrating their potential as a safer vaccine candidate for feline panleukopenia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.