ReviewViruses2025
Armed Phages: A New Weapon in the Battle Against Antimicrobial Resistance.
Review in Viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gut microbiome dynamics in acute infectious diarrhea: A conceptual framework from acute dysbiosis toward precision restoration (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Review
- Anti-phage defense systems in bacteria: molecular mechanisms and their role in shaping phage therapy strategies.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Pharmaceutical innovation in advanced nanomedicine for the treatment of hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Non-Traditional Antibacterial Agents Relevant to the WHO 2024 Priority Pathogens: A Structured Update of the Clinical Pipeline.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Therapeutic Potential of Phages in Multi-Drug Resistance Infections and Future Directions.Viruses · 2026Review
- Review
- CRISPR-anti-CRISPR dynamics: evolutionary, ecological and biotechnological perspectives.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Bacterial defense mechanisms against bacteriophages: an evolutionary arms race.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Next-Generation Strategies for Controlling Foodborne Pathogens: Precision Antimicrobials, Biofilm Disruption, and Emerging Molecular Interventions.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Preventive Immunology for Livestock and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in the One Health Era: From Mechanistic Insights to Innovative Interventions.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections necessitates the exploration of alternative antimicrobial strategies, with phage therapy emerging as a viable option. However, the effectiveness of naturally occurring phages can be significantly limited by bacterial defense systems that include adsorption blocking, restriction-modification, CRISPR-Cas immunity, abortive infection, and NAD+ depletion defense systems. This review examines these bacterial defenses and their implications for phage therapy, while highlighting the potential of phages' bioengineering to overcome these barriers. By leveraging synthetic biology, genetically engineered phages can be tailored to evade bacterial immunity through such modifications as receptor-binding protein engineering, anti-CRISPR gene incorporation, methylation pattern alterations, and enzymatic degradation of bacterial protective barriers. "Armed phages", enhanced with antimicrobial peptides, CRISPR-based genome-editing tools, or immune-modulating factors, offer a novel therapeutic avenue. Clinical trials of bioengineered phages, currently SNIPR001 and LBP-EC01, showcase their potential to safely and effectively combat MDR infections. SNIPR001 has completed a Phase I clinical trial evaluating safety in healthy volunteers, while LBP-EC01 is in Phase II trials assessing its performance in the treatment of
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.