ReviewPharmaceutics2025
CitH3, a Druggable Biomarker for Human Diseases Associated with Acute NETosis and Chronic Immune Dysfunction.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- High-dose inhaled nitric oxide for severe pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria: a randomized controlled trial protocol.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Evaluation of YJ-2 as a PAD4 Inhibitor in Alleviating Ischemic Brain Injury: From NETs-Induced Neurotoxicity to In Vivo Neuroprotection.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of neutrophil extracellular traps in hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment and targeted therapy progress.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Epigenetic Regulation of the NET Formation-Blood-Brain Barrier Axis in Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targets and Translational Perspectives.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Mitsugumin 53 protects against smoke inhalation lung injury via suppressing the proinflammatory response in a rat model.Free radical biology & medicine · 2026Article
- Serum citrullinated histone H3 as a biomarker of disease activity and renal outcome in microscopic polyangiitis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- Current Insights into Clinical, Molecular, and Therapeutic Approaches to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Serum CitH3 and TSLP as predictive biomarkers for impaired wound healing after bascom cleft lift surgery in pilonidal sinus disease: a nomogram-based risk model.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- Regulation of histones in thromboinflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Paradox of NET Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2026Review
- Association between neutrophil extracellular traps, the Von Willebrand factor axis, and clinical outcome in stable coronary artery disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- The Role of Histone Modifications in Acute Lung Injury: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Review
- Humanized Monoclonal Antibody Against Citrullinated Histone H3 Attenuates Myocardial Injury and Prevents Heart Failure in Rodent Models.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Article
- Pathological neutrophil extracellular traps hinder postoperative anal fistula wound healing and are attenuated by Zuoqing granule via suppression of the Nox4 pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Neutrophils are essential components of innate immunity, executing a range of effector functions including phagocytosis, degranulation, and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). A key hallmark of NET formation is the presence of citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3), produced by peptidylarginine deiminases (PAD2 and PAD4) to facilitate chromatin decondensation. While NETs play critical antimicrobial roles, excessive or dysregulated NET formation, termed NETosis, can drive tissue injury, chronic inflammation, and organ dysfunction across a wide spectrum of diseases. Beyond its structural role within NETs, CitH3 acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), amplifying immune activation and pathological inflammation. Elevated CitH3 levels have been identified as biomarkers in sepsis, viral infections, ischemia-reperfusion injury, organ transplantation, diabetic wounds, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Despite increasing recognition of CitH3's pathogenic contributions, its therapeutic potential remains largely untapped. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the role of CitH3 in NETosis and immune dysfunction, highlights emerging strategies targeting CitH3 therapeutically, and identifies critical knowledge gaps. Collectively, these insights position CitH3 as a promising druggable biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.