ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Opposite Responses of Interferon and Proinflammatory Cytokines Induced by Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Macrophages.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Myxovirus resistance protein A to differentiate between viral and non-viral respiratory infections in adults: a prospective study.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): Advances in Diagnosis, Molecular Epidemiology, and Clinical Impact of an Underrecognized Respiratory Virus.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Next-generation mucosal vaccines for respiratory viruses: Immunological correlates, platform design and clinical translation.World journal of virology · 2026Review
- Review
- A broadly adaptable protocol for isolating Kupffer cells from non-model species: application toFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages are a principal pulmonary source of type I and III interferons (IFNs), initiating and coordinating the early antiviral response to respiratory viral infections. Yet the contribution of macrophage-derived IFNs to host defense during human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection remains poorly defined. Here, we use human primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and THP-1-derived macrophages to analyze the IFN responses induced by HMPV compared to its closely related human pneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We show that HMPV induced a robust response of type I and type III IFNs and ISGs, whereas RSV elicited only a modest, delayed IFN response despite strong IRF activation; instead, RSV preferentially activates NF-κB and exhibits a pronounced proinflammatory cytokine output. Our results highlight the role of macrophages as key modulators of the IFN and proinflammatory responses during HMPV and RSV infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.