Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40732627›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

BLE Signal Processing and Machine Learning for Indoor Behavior Classification.

Yi-Shiun Lee, Yong-Yi Fanjiang, Chi-Huang Hung, Yung-Shiang Huang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Yi-Shiun LeeGraduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-8436-5378
Yong-Yi FanjiangGraduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0003-2902-7226
Chi-Huang HungGraduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0001-6787-3517
Yung-Shiang HuangDepartment of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan.

Funding

National Science and Technology Council (Taiwan) 112-2221-E-030-004National Science and Technology Council (Taiwan) 113-2221-E-030-015
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Smart home technology enhances the quality of life, particularly with respect to in-home care and health monitoring. While video-based methods provide accurate behavior analysis, privacy concerns drive interest in non-visual alternatives. This study proposes a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)-enabled indoor positioning and behavior recognition system, integrating machine learning techniques to support sustainable and privacy-preserving health monitoring. Key optimizations include: (1) a vertically mounted Data Collection Unit (DCU) for improved height positioning, (2) synchronized data collection to reduce discrepancies, (3) Kalman filtering to smooth RSSI signals, and (4) AI-based RSSI analysis for enhanced behavior recognition. Experiments in a real home environment used a smart wristband to assess BLE signal variations across different activities (standing, sitting, lying down). The results show that the proposed system reliably tracks user locations and identifies behavior patterns. This research supports elderly care, remote health monitoring, and non-invasive behavior analysis, providing a privacy-preserving solution for smart healthcare applications.

Indexed as

Machine LearningSignal Processing, Computer-AssistedWireless TechnologyAlgorithmsHumansMonitoring, PhysiologicPrivacyAI-driven fall detectionBLE-based indoor positioningmachine learning for behavior analysisprivacy-preserving health monitoringsmart home healthcarewearable IoT for remote health tracking

Identifiers

PMID40732627
PMCPMC12299500

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.