Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40732589›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Soft Conductive Textile Sensors: Characterization Methodology and Behavioral Analysis.

Giulia Gamberini, Selene Tognarelli, Arianna Menciassi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Giulia GamberiniHealth Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56124 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0009-0005-9311-2910
Selene TognarelliThe BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56025 Pontedera, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-1135-8625
Arianna MenciassiHealth Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56124 Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6348-1081

Funding

Italian Ministry of University and Research founded by the European Union IR0000036
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Resistive stretching sensors are currently used in healthcare robotics due to their ability to vary electrical resistance when subjected to mechanical strain. However, commercial sensors often lack the softness required for integration into soft structures. This study presents a detailed methodology to characterize fabric-based resistive stretching sensors, focusing on both static and dynamic performance, for application in a smart vascular simulator for surgical training. Five sensors, called #1-#5, were developed using conductive fabrics integrated into soft silicone. Stability and fatigue tests were performed to evaluate their behavior. The surface structure and fiber distribution were analyzed using digital microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, while element analysis was performed via Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. Sensors #1 and #3 are the most stable with a low relative standard deviation and good sensitivity at low strains. Sensor #3 showed the lowest hysteresis, while sensor #1 had the widest operating range (0-30% strain). Although all sensors showed non-monotonic behavior across 0-100% strain, deeper investigation suggested that the sensor response depends on the configuration of conductive paths within and between fabric layers. Soft fabric-based resistive sensors represent a promising technical solution for physical simulators for surgical training.

Indexed as

conductive fabricselectrical propertiesresistive stretching sensorsensors’ mechanical characterizationsoft sensors

Identifiers

PMID40732589
PMCPMC12300518

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.