Harnessing Waste Bread: From Potential Use in Microbial Growth and Enzyme Production to Techno-Economic Assessment.

Sameh Ben Mabrouk, Bouthaina Ben Hadj Hmida, Wejdene Sallami, Salma Dhaouadi, Theodoros Varzakas, Slim Smaoui

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Microorganisms, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sameh Ben MabroukLaboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia.

Bouthaina Ben Hadj HmidaLaboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia.ORCID 0009-0002-9854-9028

Wejdene SallamiLaboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia.

Salma DhaouadiLaboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia.

Theodoros VarzakasDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-3927-9056

Slim SmaouiLaboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Enzymatic Engineering (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia.ORCID 0000-0002-8839-7377

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study highlights waste bread (WB) as a novel, cost-effective, and nutrient-rich substrate for microbial growth, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional media. As a renewable resource, WB promotes the circular economy by reducing food waste and encouraging biotechnological innovation. The incorporation of WB into microbial culture media enhanced the growth of various reference strains (

Indexed as

amylaseBacillusmicroorganismstechno-economic assessmentwaste bread

Identifiers

PMID40732080

DOI10.3390/microorganisms13071571

PMCPMC12300665

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.