Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40732065›Full record

ReviewMicroorganisms2025

PROTAC-Based Antivirals for Respiratory Viruses: A Novel Approach for Targeted Therapy and Vaccine Development.

Amith Anugu, Pankaj Singh, Dharambir Kashyap, Jillwin Joseph, Sheetal Naik, Subhabrata Sarkar, Kamran Zaman, Manpreet Dhaliwal, Shubham Nagar, Tanishq Gupta and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Microorganisms, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Amith AnuguBasic Medical Science, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, St. Johns 1543, Antigua and Barbuda.ORCID 0009-0001-1351-1358
Pankaj SinghICMR-National Institute for One Health, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440006, India.
Dharambir KashyapBrown Center for Immunotherapy, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9160-9377
Jillwin JosephDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, St. Johns 1543, Antigua and Barbuda.
Sheetal NaikDepartment of Physiology, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, St. Johns 1543, Antigua and Barbuda.
Subhabrata SarkarDepartment of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
Kamran ZamanDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi 590010, India.ORCID 0000-0003-0172-7423
Manpreet DhaliwalAllergy and Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
Shubham NagarBasic Medical Science, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, St. Johns 1543, Antigua and Barbuda.
Tanishq GuptaBasic Medical Science, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, St. Johns 1543, Antigua and Barbuda.
Prasanna HonnavarDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, St. Johns 1543, Antigua and Barbuda.ORCID 0000-0003-3872-4242

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The global burden of respiratory viral infections is notable, which is attributed to their higher transmissibility compared to other viral diseases. Respiratory viruses are seen to have evolved resistance to available treatment options. Although vaccines and antiviral drugs control some respiratory viruses, this control is limited due to unexpected events, such as mutations and the development of antiviral resistance. The technology of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) has been emerging as a novel technology in viral therapeutics. These are small molecules that can selectively degrade target proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. PROTACs as a therapy were initially developed against cancer, but they have recently shown promising results in their antiviral mechanisms by targeting viral and/or host proteins involved in the pathogenesis of viral infections. In this review, we elaborate on the antiviral potential of PROTACs as therapeutic agents and their potential as vaccine components against important respiratory viral pathogens, including influenza viruses, coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2), and respiratory syncytial virus. Advanced applications of PROTAC antiviral strategies, such as hemagglutinin and neuraminidase degraders for influenza and spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2, are detailed in this review. Additionally, the role of PROTACs in targeting cellular mechanisms within the host, thereby preventing viral pathogenesis and eliciting an antiviral effect, is discussed. The potential of PROTACs as vaccines, utilizing proteasome-based virus attenuation to achieve a robust protective immune response, while ensuring safety and enhancing efficient production, is also presented. With the promises exhibited by PROTACs, this technology faces significant challenges, including the emergence of novel viral strains, tissue-specific expression of E3 ligases, and pharmacokinetic constraints. With advanced computational design in molecular platforms, PROTAC-based antiviral development offers an alternative, transformative path in tackling respiratory viruses.

Indexed as

antiviralPROTACtargeted protein degradationubiquitin–proteasomevaccine

Identifiers

PMID40732065
PMCPMC12297968

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.