Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40732025›Full record

ArticleMicroorganisms2025

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Increase in

Pietro Valsecchi, Erika Asperges, Marta Corbella, Greta Banfi, Marcello Maffezzoni, Nicolò Amarasinghe, Riccardo Drago, Flavia Virga, Filippo Costanzo, Francesca Calabretta and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Microorganisms, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Antimicrobial Susceptibility ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Pietro ValsecchiInfectious Diseases I Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3425-9817
Erika AspergesInfectious Diseases I Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1618-8867
Marta CorbellaClinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0969-6484
Greta BanfiDepartment of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0009-0007-3900-8850
Marcello MaffezzoniDepartment of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Nicolò AmarasingheInfectious Diseases I Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Riccardo DragoDepartment of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Flavia VirgaDepartment of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Filippo CostanzoSSD Stewardship Antibiotica, ASST, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Francesca CalabrettaInternal Medicine Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Paolo SacchiInfectious Diseases I Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Patrizia CambieriClinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Antonio Di SabatinoDepartment of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0302-8645
Fausto BaldantiClinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Raffaele BrunoInfectious Diseases I Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0235-9207

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is not routinely performed for C. difficile infection (CDI); however, reports of antimicrobial resistance to various antibiotics have increased. This study aimed to assess the rate of antimicrobial resistance to four antimicrobials (vancomycin, metronidazole, tigecycline, and ciprofloxacin) to assess risk factors for antimicrobial resistance and evaluate MIC variation in patients with recurrence. Data from consecutive patients with CDI admitted to our institution between 1 January 2022 and 30 April 2023 were collected. We performed AST with gradient diffusion and NAAT to evaluate the presumptive presence of R027/NAP1 and toxin production genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on 108 available isolates. We did not find any resistance to vancomycin (median MIC 0.5 μg/mL), metronidazole (median MIC 1 μg/mL), and tigecycline (median MIC 0.016 μg/mL), while resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected in all the samples. Among the recurrent isolates, 37.5% displayed a 2-fold MIC increase for vancomycin, 75% for metronidazole, and 37.5% for tigecycline. After stratifying clinical outcomes according to vancomycin MIC, patients with higher MIC experienced increased 28-day mortality (

Indexed as

antimicrobial resistanceciprofloxacinClostridioides difficilemetronidazoletigecyclinevancomycin

Identifiers

PMID40732025
PMCPMC12300278

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.