ReviewMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)2025
Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (ESUS): Exploring the Neurocardiological Axis and Its Clinical Implications.
Review in Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diagnostic Yield of Comprehensive Etiologic Evaluation in Young Adults with Ischemic Stroke: Toward a Phenotype-Driven Approach.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Embolic Stroke of Uncommon Causes-A Case Series Report from an Acute Stroke Unit.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Chronic Kratom Use as a Potential Risk Factor for Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Article
- Diabetic Atrial Cardiomyopathy: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Management, AI-Driven Diagnosis, and Risk Prediction.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) was proposed in 2014 as a clinical category to subgroup non-lacunar cryptogenic ischemic strokes that appear embolic but lack an identifiable cause despite thorough investigation. The initial hypothesis was that anticoagulation might offer superior secondary prevention compared to antiplatelet therapy, prompting several large clinical trials. This review synthesizes current knowledge on ESUS. ESUS represents about 17% of ischemic strokes and often affects younger patients with fewer traditional risk factors. Although these patients lack major cardioembolic sources (e.g., atrial fibrillation) or significant arterial stenosis, many have covert embolic substrates. Major trials-NAVIGATE ESUS, RE-SPECT ESUS, and the atrial cardiopathy-focused ARCADIA-found no benefit of anticoagulants over aspirin, challenging the original ESUS framework. These results highlight the heterogeneity within ESUS and underscore the need for individualized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.