ReviewMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Highly Filled Flowable Composite Resins as Sole Restorative Materials: A Systematic Review.
Review in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Short-term clinical and micromorphological comparison of injectable and paste composites in occlusal cavities.BMC oral health · 2026Trial
- Effect of toothbrushing mode and brushing load on the wear of anterior tooth-shaped restorative composites.Odontology · 2026Article
- Bond Strength of Injectable Composites Under Different Enamel Treatments and Bonding Strategies.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2026Article
- Cariogenic Risk Modifies the Effect of Marginal Adaptation on Caries Adjacent to Posterior Composite Restorations: A Stratified Multivariate Analysis.Clinics and practice · 2026Article
- Stain susceptibility of a giomer and a particulate-filled injectable composite with one-step and multi-step polishing techniques, and color recovery after brushing and repolishing.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Effect of Nano-Silver Fluoride Containing 2000 ppm Silver Nanoparticles on the Microhardness and Color of Flowable Resin Composites: An In Vitro Pilot Study.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Influence of Solvent Challenge on the Hardness and Toughness of Viscosity-Modified Composites.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Three-Dimensional Analysis of Morphological Adaptation and Wear in Restorations Performed Using the Stamp Technique with Different Viscosity Composite Resins.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The effect of reduced-step finishing and polishing protocols on roughness, gloss, and surface quality of bulk-fill resin-based composites.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Flexural strength and fracture load of high-flow bulk-fill and conventional composites in ISO 4049 bars and MOD cavity models: an in vitro study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Effects of Gastric Acid and Antiacid Medications on Surface Roughness, Morphology, and Optical Properties of Resin-Based Materials.Polymers · 2026Article
- Optimal nano-silica filler concentration to optimize kinetics, rheology and bonding of self-adhesive composites.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Wear resistance, microhardness and compressive strength of high filled flowable composite resins.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- One-Year Clinical Performance of Injectable and Paste-Type Composite Resins in Non-Carious Cervical Lesions Prepared with Er,Cr:YSGG Laser and Acid Etching: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The continuous need for simplified, minimally invasive restorative procedures with a high precision has led to the advancement of highly filled flowable resin-based materials. These materials present excellent initial outcomes in various clinical applications, including the injection molding technique. Given that several clinical reports present signs of wear and staining, this systematic review aims to investigate the mechanical and optical properties of highly filled flowable composite resins. A comprehensive literature research was conducted to identify relevant studies from the PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases. Data extraction and screening was performed by two independent evaluators. Both in vitro studies and clinical trials were included. A total of thirty-one studies were included in this review. A total of 27 in vitro studies investigated highly filled flowable composite resins independently, or in comparison with conventional composite resins, traditional flowable composites, bulk-fill flowable composites, glass ionomer cements, and compomers. Additionally, four randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) compared highly filled flowable composite resins with their conventional counterparts. Highly filled flowable composite resins exhibit adequate optical properties. Despite their significant improvements, their mechanical properties remain inferior to those of medium-viscosity composite resins. These materials demonstrate a favorable initial performance in the injection molding technique. Based on a limited number of RCTs, these materials demonstrate an adequate performance in class I and II restorations; however these findings should be interpreted with caution. The reported drawbacks in laboratory studies may contraindicate their clinical application in extensive cavities, load-bearing areas, and in cases of excessive tooth wear and parafunctional activity. A careful clinical case selection is strongly recommended.
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Registered trials
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