Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40731457›Full record

ReviewMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Tool Geometries and Design of Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW) Tools and Effect on Weld Properties-A Comprehensive Review.

Aravinthan Arumugam, Animesh Kumar Basak, Alokesh Pramanik, Guy Littlefair

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Aravinthan ArumugamSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Institute of Technology, Perth, WA 6005, Australia.ORCID 0009-0004-5219-6380
Animesh Kumar BasakAdelaide Microscopy, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-2301-4758
Alokesh PramanikSchool of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-8985-7358
Guy LittlefairEducation and Student Experience, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The incorporation of multi-material design (MMD) to achieve lightweight vehicles requires Friction Stir Spot Welding (FSSW) to join steel with aluminum, magnesium, or composites. This study investigates the mechanisms, challenges, and performance of FSSW in MMD based on the information available in the literature. It also explores the effect of FSSW tool geometries and design on the spot weld formation and mechanical strength. Larger shoulder and pin diameters increase heat generation during welding. A concave shoulder profile produces a stronger weld compared to flat and convex profiles due to its ability to trap materials and transfer materials to the sheet interface efficiently for the development of a sound weld. Grooves such as Fibonacci and involute, and threads on P-FSSW and R-FSSW tools, also contribute to effective material flow during welding, hence assisting in heat generation. This review also provides recommendations on tool design for FSSW, P-FSSW, and R-FSSW.

Indexed as

friction stir spot weldingmulti-material designpin-less toolplastic flowtool geometry

Identifiers

PMID40731457
PMCPMC12299191

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.