Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40730869›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

The role of selected NKG2DLs such as MICA, MICB and ULBP4 as potential markers in multiple sclerosis.

Aleksandra Pogoda-Wesołowska, Agata Świątek, Agnieszka Synowiec, Robert Zdanowski, Ignacy Stachura, Aneta Szewczuk, Ewelina Pietras, Adam Stępień

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. [Research progress of the ULBP-NKG2D axis in autoimmune diseases].Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Aleksandra Pogoda-WesołowskaNeurology Clinic, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Szaserów St. 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland. olapogodaa@gmail.com.
Agata ŚwiątekFaculty of Medicine, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury St. 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland.
Agnieszka SynowiecLaboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapy, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Szaserów St. 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.
Robert ZdanowskiLaboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapy, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Szaserów St. 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.
Ignacy StachuraFaculty of Physic, University of Warsaw, Ludwika Pasteura St. 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
Aneta SzewczukNeurology Clinic, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Szaserów St. 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.
Ewelina PietrasNeurology Clinic, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Szaserów St. 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.
Adam StępieńNeurology Clinic, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Szaserów St. 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The interaction between natural killer group 2 members D and their ligands (NKG2D-NKG2DLs) may play a role in the immunopathology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Owing to their measurable presence in biofluids, soluble NKG2DLs may serve as potential biomarkers for disease activity. NKG2DL family proteins have been previously investigated in the central nervous system (CNS) or biofluids of MS patients but have typically been analyzed individually rather than collectively. To our knowledge, this was the first study to comprehensively evaluate soluble forms of MHC class I chain-related proteins A and B (MICA and MICB), UL16 binding protein 4 (ULBP4), and neurofilament light chains (NFLs) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of relapsing-remitting MS patients, patients with multifocal demyelinating CNS damage (Pre-MS observation group), and a control group. Results revealed comparable levels of NKG2DLs in the serum and CSF between the groups. This suggested that they may not be suitable as diagnostic and predictive markers in MS. However, the analysis confirmed the established significance of NFL, demonstrating its elevated levels in CSF and serum from MS patients compared with other groups, along with a notable correlation between NFL levels in serum and CSF.

Indexed as

Histocompatibility Antigens Class IIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMultiple SclerosisAdultBiomarkersFemaleGPI-Linked ProteinsHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeurofilament ProteinsNK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily KBiomarkersGPI-Linked ProteinsHistocompatibility Antigens Class IIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsKLRK1 protein, humanMHC class I-related chain AMICB antigenneurofilament protein LNeurofilament ProteinsNK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily KBiomarkersCerebrospinal fluidMultiple sclerosisNatural killer cellsNeurofilament light chainsNKG2DNKG2DLsSerum

Identifiers

PMID40730869
PMCPMC12307706

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.