ArticleNPJ vaccines2025
A novel nanoparticle vaccine displaying multistage tuberculosis antigens confers protection in mice infected with H37Rv.
Article in NPJ vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Toxicological evaluation of a synthetic QS-21 adjuvant in a tuberculosis vaccine candidate-Demonstrating safety and immunological equivalence to natural reference.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Computational Design and Biopharmaceutical Evaluation of a Chimeric Nanoparticle Vaccine for Targeted Delivery against BK Polyomavirus.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- HowVaccines · 2026Review
- Immunological mechanistic action of intravenous BCG-mediated protection against tuberculosis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Discovery of a multi-epitope tuberculosis vaccine targeting phospholipase C virulence factors: an insilico approach.Biotechnology letters · 2026Article
- Article
- Antibacterial Immunotherapy: Mechanistic Insights, Emerging Therapeutic Strategies, and Clinical Translation.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- Drug resistance mechanisms inFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Novel Multistage SubunitVaccines · 2025Article
- The Yin and Yang of Antibodies in Viral Infectious Diseases.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a major global health threat, as Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only licensed vaccine, provides limited protection, particularly in adolescents and adults. To address this limitation, a more effective tuberculosis vaccine was developed using the SpyTag/SpyCatcher system to display five clinically validated Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens (Ag85A, ESAT-6, CFP10, Rv2660c, and TB10.4) on self-assembling mi3 nanoparticles. These nanoparticle-displayed antigens, formulated as 85A-NP, EC-NP, and RT-NP and combined with a custom AS01E-biosimilar adjuvant, elicited stronger Th1-biased immune responses in C57BL/6 mice than the corresponding recombinant proteins, as evidenced by increased frequencies of polyfunctional CD4⁺ T cells producing IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α. In a murine aerosol challenge model, the mixed nanoparticles formulation (85A-NP:EC-NP:RT-NP) conferred superior pulmonary protection compared to single-antigen nanoparticles, recombinant protein mixtures, an in-house M72-like vaccine and BCG. This modular platform enables efficient multistage antigen incorporation and holds promise for next-generation tuberculosis vaccine development.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.