Observational studyPloS one2025
Viral etiology of severe acute respiratory infections in hospitalized patients, Shandong, China.
Observational study in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- A single-center, two-year, retrospective study of epidemiological characteristics of respiratory tract infections in Changzhou, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Caregiver awareness of pediatric respiratory red-flag signs and emergency activation intentions: a province-wide cross-sectional study in China.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSevere Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) represents a critical global public health challenge, accounting for substantial severe morbidity and hospitalization burdens with distinct geographical patterns in etiological profiles. This study systematically characterizes the epidemiological and clinical phenotypes of SARI patients in Shouguang county, Shandong Province, China.
methodsA prospective observational study was conducted at Shouguang People's Hospital between August 28, 2023 and April 30, 2024, enrolling 1,730 hospitalized patients with SARI from the Departments of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. Standardized electronic case report forms were used to systematically collect the demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations and laboratory testing results. Oropharyngeal swab specimens were collected within 24 hours of admission for each patient and stored at -80°C. Multiplex real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed using the ABI 7500 system to detect 11 respiratory viruses infection, including influenza A virus (IFA), influenza B virus (IFB), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (HPIV), human coronaviruses (HCoV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), rhinovirus (HRV), enterovirus (EV), human bocavirus (HBoV), human adenovirus (HAdV), and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).
results501 samples (28.96%) were tested positive for at least one virus. The most frequently detected viruses and their infection rates were as follows: IFA (11.33%), COVID-19 (6.53%), HPIV (2.31%), HCoV (2.20%), RSV (1.79%), IFB (1.68%), HMPV (1.56%), EV (0.64%), HADV (0.52%), and HBoV (0.06%). Among patients aged 0-14 years, IFA and EV had the highest infection rates, both at 9.46% (7/74). In the 15-24 age group, IFA exhibited the highest infection rate at 19.70% (26/132). In patients aged ≥70 years, COVID-19 was the most frequently detected virus, with a infection rate of 10.69% (65/608). The overall virus infection rate peaked at 60.00% (30/50) in epidemiological week 48 of 2023. During weeks 46-50 of 2023, the overall infection rate remained consistently high (range: 28.42-60.00%). Significant differences in infection rates were observed across hospital departments (χ² = 5.52, P < 0.05), The Department of Infectious Diseases demonstrated a higher infection rate of 34.91% (162/464) compared to 29.07% (368/1266) in the Department of Respiratory Medicine.
conclusionViral etiological analysis of SARI patients in Eastern China identified IFA, COVID-19, and HPIV as the three predominant virus, with influenza virus exhibiting the highest frequency of co-infection with other respiratory viruses. Our study further revealed significant heterogeneity in virus distribution across different hospital departments, age groups, and admission periods. The most common clinical manifestations were cough and fever, with distinct symptomatic profiles observed among infections caused by different viruss. These findings provide scientific evidence to inform government strategies for optimizing the prevention and management of respiratory infectious diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.