Trial reportIrish journal of medical science2025
The effect of cold needle on the development of pain and ecchymosis in subcutaneous heparin injection in adults: a prospective, randomised controlled study.
Trial report in Irish journal of medical science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of cold therapy on ecchymosis and pain after subcutaneous heparin injection: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSubcutaneous injection is a practice frequently used by nurses and may result in complications.
aimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cold needle on pain, injection satisfaction and ecchymosis development in subcutaneous heparin injection.
methodsThe study was conducted as a prospective, parallel-group, randomised controlled study with single-blind design. Participants were randomly divided into two groups as chilled needle group (n = 30) and control group (standard needle group) (n = 30). Subcutaneous injections were given to the intervention group with a chilled needle at 0-2 °C and to the control group with a needle stored at room temperature. Patients were evaluated for ecchymosis for 72 h. Post-procedure pain and satisfaction levels were analysed. The Descriptive Characteristics Information Form, Visual Analogue Scale, Patient Satisfaction Form for Injection and Ecchymosis Follow-up Chart were used to collect the data.
resultsThe intervention group had significantly lower pain scores, compared to the control group (21.00 ± 14.46 vs. 33.00 ± 18.03). In addition, the mean injection satisfaction score of the intervention group (86.33 ± 11.29) was significantly higher than the control group (73.00 ± 17.04). In terms of ecchymosis development, higher rates of ecchymosis formation were observed in the control group, compared to the intervention group.
conclusionsThe findings support that the cooled needle in subcutaneous injection has the potential to reduce pain, increase injection satisfaction and prevent the development of ecchymosis.
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Identifiers
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Registered trials
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