Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40728544›Full record

ArticleActa neurochirurgica2025

Radiologic evidence supporting pectoral nerve involvement in perineural spread of breast cancer to the brachial plexus.

Andres A Maldonado, Stephen M Broski, Tomas Marek, Lara Cristóbal, Robert J Spinner

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Acta neurochirurgica, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Andres A MaldonadoDepartment of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Gonda 8-214, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
Stephen M BroskiDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Tomas MarekDepartment of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Gonda 8-214, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
Lara CristóbalDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
Robert J SpinnerDepartment of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Gonda 8-214, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. spinner.robert@mayo.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivePerineural spread (PNS) of breast carcinoma to the brachial plexus is rare. This study investigates the radiologic features supporting the medial and lateral pectoral nerves (MPN and LPN, respectively) as pathways for PNS of breast cancer to the brachial plexus.

methodsWe reviewed 19 patients with biopsy-proven PNS of breast carcinoma to the brachial plexus. All available MRI and

resultsAll 19 patients had MRI and

conclusionThis study provides radiologic support for the MPN and LPN as a potential pathway for PNS of breast cancer to the brachial plexus. Pectoralis major/minor muscle atrophy, abnormal MRI signal or enhancement, and increased FDG activity within the pectoral muscles and/or along the pectoral nerves may serve as early, non-invasive imaging markers of this process, with potential implications for diagnosis and management.

Indexed as

Brachial PlexusBreast NeoplasmsPeripheral Nervous System NeoplasmsThoracic NervesAdultAgedFemaleFluorodeoxyglucose F18HumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMiddle AgedPectoralis MusclesPositron Emission Tomography Computed TomographyRetrospective StudiesFluorodeoxyglucose F18Brachial plexusBreast cancerMRIPectoral nervesPerineural spread

Identifiers

PMID40728544
PMCPMC12307539

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.