ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2025
A pilot study of healing critical-sized calvarial defects by LL-37-generated monoosteophils.
Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Monoosteophils, derived from LL-37-treated monocytes, are a novel type of calcifying/bone forming cells. We have shown that monoosteophils can form bone-like nodules Methods: Human monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood and differentiated into monoosteophils. Critical-sized (5 mm-diameter) calvarial defects in the parietal bone of adult male NOD/SCID mice were implanted with either 1-day untreated human monocytes, 1-day LL-37 treated human monocytes (monoosteophils), 1-day human monocytes plus hydroxyapatite nanoparticles or 1-day human monoosteophils plus hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Micro-computed tomography (µCT) was used for assessment of bone formation in the mouse model. Alizarin Red S staining (ARS), FAM-alendronate staining, light and fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and transmitted electron microscopy (TEM) were used to examine bone nodule formation Results: The most complete healing (80%) was observed for monoosteophils plus nano-scale hydroxyapatite. The results of a dose response study (5 × 10 Discussion: We now demonstrate that the bone repair function of monoosteophils requires hydroxyapatite through intracellular nodule formation and monoosteophils are capable of filling in large calvarial defects in our pilot study. These observations may have important implications in facilitating the development of therapeutic applications for clinically challenging bone repairs and the understanding of pathological mineralization.
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