Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40727406›Full record

ArticleRoyal Society open science2025

Three-spined sticklebacks recognize familiar individuals by facial recognition.

Shumpei Sogawa, Izumi Inoue, Satoshi Awata, Koki Ikeya, Kento Kawasaka, Masanori Kohda

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Royal Society open science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. On the mirror test and the evolutionary origin of self-awareness in vertebrates.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Shumpei SogawaDepartment of Biology and Geosciences, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2015-5707
Izumi InoueDepartment of Biology and Geosciences, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.
Satoshi AwataDepartment of Biology and Geosciences, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3254-7943
Koki IkeyaWorld Freshwater Aquarium Aquatotto Gifu, Gifu, Japan.
Kento KawasakaDepartment of Biology and Geosciences, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5508-5652
Masanori KohdaDepartment of Biology and Geosciences, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Social vertebrates often recognize familiar individuals through facial recognition, a basal cognitive ability through which animals establish stable sociality, including territoriality. The three-spined stickleback (

Indexed as

class-level recognitiondear enemyface recognitionindividual recognitioninnate releasing mechanismsthree-spined stickleback

Identifiers

PMID40727406
PMCPMC12303103

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.