ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease reports
Higher p-Cresol sulfate and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels are associated with cognitive improvement through increased TNF receptor 2 in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional mediation analysis.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Research progress on the interaction between multiple organ-brain axes and perioperative neurocognitive disorders: a narrative review.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Neuroinflammation in neurocognitive disorders is driven by the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α from brain immune cells in response to injury, infection, or p-Cresol sulfate (p-CS)-a metabolite associated with chronic kidney disease and linked to TNF-α activity. However, the underlying mechanisms through which TNF-α and p-CS influence cognitive performance remain unclear. Objective: This study investigated the impact of TNF-α and p-CS on cognition, focusing on the role of TNF Receptor 2 (TNFR2) in cognitively normal individuals (CN; n = 36), Alzheimer's disease patients (AD; n = 85), and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 219). Methods: Cognitive status was assessed with ADAS-Cog 13, p-CS measured via MxP Results: The results showed that TNF-α levels were slightly higher in AD than in MCI, while TNFR2 levels were lowest in MCI, higher in CN, and highest in AD. After adjusting for age, gender, and Conclusions: In short, p-CS and TNF-α may improve cognitive performance via TNFR2 in individuals with MCI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.