ArticleJournal of medical cases2025
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis After Treatment With Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.
Article in Journal of medical cases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Systematic Review.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare hematological syndrome presenting with massive, dysregulated cytokine release that can result in multiple organ failure and is associated with a high risk of mortality. Based on the recent North American consortium recommendations, it has been suggested to categorize HLH into two entities, HLH syndrome and HLH disease. HLH disease encompasses multiple subgroups, including familial HLH (F-HLH), HLH-associated immune compromise (IC-HLH) and HLH observed after immune activating therapies. The diagnosis can be quite challenging, and the pathophysiology leading to HLH disease has yet to be fully elucidated. Much less is known about HLH that occurs due to treatment with immunotherapy such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Herein, the authors report a case of a 71-year-old man who was treated with a combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab for bladder cancer. He later presented with mental status changes and pancytopenia, ultimately meeting the diagnostic criteria for HLH syndrome.
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