ArticleJournal of family medicine and primary care2025
The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association to modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease among apparently healthy adults in Central Kerala.
Article in Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Vitamin D in Cardiovascular Medicine: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Translation.Nutrients · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases remain one of the leading causes of mortality globally with 80% occurring in developing countries. The known modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are Hypertension, Diabetes, Obesity, Hyperlipidaemia, Smoking, and Sedentary lifestyles. The prevalence of these risk factors is highest in Kerala (hypertension 30% and diabetes 14.8%). Globally India has the highest prevalence of cardiovascular disease especially in Kerala. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency nationally is about 70-100% in some studies but shows contradictory results in various populations in Kerala (children 11% and 89% in perimenopause women). No Known study was done among apparently healthy adults in Kerala. Hence understanding its prevalence and its association if any to the cardiovascular risk factors may help to decrease the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Methods: Subjects were taken from those who attended the health check-up at a tertiary hospital. Blood parameters like FBS, Triglyceride, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and Serum Vitamin D were analyzed along with Blood pressure and waist circumference. Statistical Analysis: Frequency and Chi-squared test was done to look for prevalence and association of the various cardiovascular risk factors and vitamin D prevalence using IBM SPSS version 20.0 software. Result: It was found that Hypertension was highly prevalent (75%) among the cardiovascular risk factors. The prevalence of deficient and insufficient Vitamin D was 86.9% and it was significantly associated with Hypertension ( Conclusion: High prevalence of deficient and insufficient Vitamin D levels. And this was associated with all the risk factors except obesity. Additional information on low-density lipoprotein, Total Cholesterol, and HbA1c values would be strengthened. Further studies with supplementation preferably done in the community would help to confirm this association.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.