ArticleSchizophrenia research. Cognition2025
Relationship between cognitive reserve (education), social cognition and negative symptoms.
Article in Schizophrenia research. Cognition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The relationship among cognitive reserve and symptoms, cognition, and functioning in schizophrenia: A case-control study and meta-analysis.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Pooled it
- Social cognitive deficits and their relationship with clinical symptoms in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Negative symptoms (NS) are a core feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, yet their relationship with cognitive reserve (defined by educational attainment) and social cognition remains underexplored. This study examined whether education predicts NS and whether this relationship is mediated by social cognition, specifically emotional or inferential theory of mind Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) vs. the Hinting Test. Methods: A mediation model and multiple regression analysis were conducted within an ex-post-facto, cross-sectional design. The sample included 144 participants: 69 diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 75 healthy controls. Women comprised 52.8 % of the sample, with a mean age of 42.67 years ( Results: The mediation model explained 67.57 % of the variance in NS, with age as a covariate. RMET showed a significant indirect effect ( Conclusions: Education, as an indicator of cognitive reserve, significantly predicts NS. This relationship is mediated by social cognition, with differential effects depending on the specific type of social cognition, either within the patient group or across the entire sample. These findings highlight the importance of cognitive reserve and social cognition in understanding and potentially mitigating NS in schizophrenia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.