Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40726020›Full record

Trial reportJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2025

The effects of mental fatigue and caffeine on basketball performance: insights from a crossover study.

Mehdi Hemmat, Gholamhosein Nazemzadegan, Alireza Niknam, Farhad Daryanoosh, Maryam Koushkie Jahromi

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Mehdi HemmatDepartment of Sports Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.ORCID 0000-0003-0104-2213
Gholamhosein NazemzadeganDepartment of Sports Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Alireza NiknamDepartment of Sports Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Farhad DaryanooshDepartment of Sports Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Maryam Koushkie JahromiDepartment of Sports Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.ORCID 0000-0001-9563-9461

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe interactive effect of mental fatigue and caffeine consumption on sport performance is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of mental fatigue and caffeine gum consumption on power and skill performance in recreationally trained male basketball players.

methodsA randomized, double-blind, crossover design was used, with twenty male participants (age: 16.7 ± 0.86 years, body mass: 79.6 ± 8.2 kg, height: 183.2 ± 8.6 cm, training experience ≥ 3 years). Participants completed four testing sessions under the following conditions: (1) no mental fatigue with placebo gum, (2) mental fatigue with placebo gum, (3) no mental fatigue with caffeine gum, and (4) mental fatigue with caffeine gum. The sessions were separated by one week. Mental fatigue was induced through a 30-minute Stroop task, and caffeine gum (50 mg of caffeine per piece) was administered 15 minutes before performance testing. Power and skill performance were assessed via vertical jump height, V-CUT dribbling test, medicine ball throw, and stationary two-point shooting, with three attempts per test.

resultsMental fatigue significantly increased time to react for congruent name and color (Z = 3.9,

conclusionMental fatigue negatively affects power and skill performance in basketball players, while caffeine gum consumption may offer a potential strategy to mitigate these effects. While caffeine gum attenuated some performance declines in the mental fatigue with caffeine gum condition compared to mental fatigue with placebo gum, these differences were not statistically significant. Future research should explore optimal caffeine doses and additional performance variables.

Indexed as

Athletic PerformanceBasketballCaffeineMental FatigueAdolescentCross-Over StudiesDouble-Blind MethodHumansMaleStroop TestCaffeineagilityBasketball performancecaffeine supplementationcognitive fatigueexplosive power

Identifiers

PMID40726020
PMCPMC12308885

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.