ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Collagen Remodeling in Mammary Carcinomas: A Comparative Analysis in Dogs and Humans.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Extracellular vesicles from canine mammary tumor cells promote macrophage M2 polarization and enhance tumor progression.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Reshape the Immuno-Mechanical Landscape: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- The immune microenvironment in tumors: focus on canine and feline spontaneous neoplasms.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a central role in cancer progression, with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as collagen being key modulators of invasiveness and immune regulation. Although macrophage infiltration and ECM remodeling are well-documented individually, their coordinated contribution to mammary carcinoma aggressiveness remains underexplored, particularly in comparative oncology models. This study analyzed 117 mammary carcinoma samples-59 from dogs and 58 from women-using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and second-harmonic-generation (SHG) microscopy. We quantified TAM density and phenotype (CD206, iNOS, and S100A8/A9), assessed collagen fiber organization, and examined correlations with clinical-pathological variables and overall survival. Increased TAM infiltration was associated with a higher histological grade, aggressive molecular subtypes, enhanced cell proliferation, and shortened survival in dogs. High TAM density also correlated with decreased collagen fiber length and increased alignment, suggesting active immune-matrix remodeling in aggressive tumors. Macrophage phenotyping revealed heterogeneous populations, with CD206
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.