Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40724454›Full record

ArticleEntropy (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Harmonic Aggregation Entropy: A Highly Discriminative Harmonic Feature Estimator for Time Series.

Ye Wang, Zhentao Yu, Cheng Chi, Bozhong Lei, Jianxin Pei, Dan Wang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Entropy (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ye WangNaval Submarine Academy, Qingdao 266199, China.
Zhentao YuNaval Submarine Academy, Qingdao 266199, China.
Cheng ChiNaval Submarine Academy, Qingdao 266199, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9056-0498
Bozhong LeiNaval Submarine Academy, Qingdao 266199, China.
Jianxin PeiCollege of Marine Geoscience, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
Dan WangNaval Submarine Academy, Qingdao 266199, China.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) U2241201
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Harmonics are a common phenomenon widely present in power systems. The presence of harmonics not only increases the energy consumption of equipment but also poses hidden risks to the safety and stealth performance of large ships. Thus, there is an urgent need for a detection method for the harmonic characteristics of time series. We propose a novel harmonic feature estimation method, termed Harmonic Aggregation Entropy (HaAgEn), which effectively discriminates against background noise. The method is based on bispectrum analysis; utilizing the distribution characteristics of harmonic signals in the bispectrum matrix, a new Diagonal Bi-directional Integral Bispectrum (DBIB) method is employed to effectively extract harmonic features within the bispectrum matrix. This approach addresses the issues associated with traditional time-frequency analysis methods, such as the large computational burden and lack of specificity in feature extraction. The integration results, Ix and Iy, of DBIB on different frequency axes are calculated using cross-entropy to derive HaAgEn. It is verified that HaAgEn is significantly more sensitive to harmonic components in the signal compared to other types of entropy, thereby better addressing harmonic detection issues and reducing feature redundancy. The detection accuracy of harmonic components in the shaft-rate electromagnetic field signal, as evidenced by sea trial data, reaches 96.8%, which is significantly higher than that of other detection methods. This provides a novel technical approach for addressing the issue of harmonic detection in industrial applications.

Indexed as

bispectrum integrationentropy featureharmonic detectionshaft-rate magnetic field

Identifiers

PMID40724454
PMCPMC12295265

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.