Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40724453›Full record

ArticleEntropy (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Asymmetric Protocols for Mode Pairing Quantum Key Distribution with Finite-Key Analysis.

Zhenhua Li, Tianqi Dou, Yuheng Xie, Weiwen Kong, Yang Liu, Haiqiang Ma, Jianjun Tang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Entropy (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Zhenhua LiChina Telecom Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China.ORCID 0000-0003-1493-6486
Tianqi DouChina Telecom Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China.
Yuheng XieChina Telecom Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China.
Weiwen KongChina Telecom Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China.
Yang LiuChina Telecom Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China.
Haiqiang MaSchool of Physical Science and Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China.
Jianjun TangChina Telecom Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China.

Funding

State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications No. IPOC2024ZT10the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology 2021ZD0301300
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The mode pairing quantum key distribution (MP-QKD) protocol has attracted considerable attention for its capability to ensure high secure key rates over long distances without requiring global phase locking. However, ensuring symmetric channels for the MP-QKD protocol is challenging in practical quantum communication networks. Previous studies on the asymmetric MP-QKD protocol have relied on ideal decoy state assumptions and infinite-key analysis, which are unattainable for real-world deployment. In this paper, we conduct a security analysis of the asymmetric MP-QKD protocol with the finite-key analysis, where we discard the previously impractical assumptions made in the decoy state method. Combined with statistical fluctuation analysis, we globally optimized the 10 independent parameters in the asymmetric MP-QKD protocol by employing our modified particle swarm optimization. Through further analysis, the simulation results demonstrate that our work achieves improved secure key rates and transmission distances compared to the strategy with additional attenuation. We further investigate the relationship between the intensities and probabilities of signal, decoy, and vacuum states with transmission distance, facilitating their more efficient deployment in future quantum networks.

Indexed as

asymmetric protocolsfinite-key analysismode pairingparticle swarm optimizationquantum key distribution

Identifiers

PMID40724453
PMCPMC12294653

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.