Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40724134›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2025

COVID-19 and the Syndemic of Intimate Partner Violence, Mental Health, Substance Use, and HIV Care Engagement Among Black Sexual Minority Men Living with HIV in the US South.

Carrie L Nacht, Hannah E Reynolds, Chadwick K Campbell, Kirstin Kielhold, Wilson Vincent, Daniel E Siconolfi, Susan M Kegeles, Erik D Storholm

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Carrie L NachtSchool of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2533-3034
Hannah E ReynoldsSchool of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
Chadwick K CampbellHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Kirstin KielholdSchool of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.ORCID 0009-0000-7175-1854
Wilson VincentDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1995-4958
Daniel E SiconolfiRAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA 90401, USA.
Susan M KegelesDivision of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Erik D StorholmSchool of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.

Funding

VirologyP30AI036214 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI SUSAN JANET LITTLE · 1994 to 2026
$78.4M
Training Program in Substance Use, HIV and Related InfectionsT32DA023356 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Natasha Martin, Steffanie A Strathdee · 2007 to 2026
$7.8M
Research Supplement to Promote Diversity in Health-Related ResearchR01MH102171 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI KEGELES, SUSAN M. · 2013 to 2017
$3.3M
Risk and Protective Factors for Adherence to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in Transwomen of ColorR21DA044073 · NIDA · RAND CORPORATION · PI STORHOLM, ERIK D. · 2017 to 2018
$494k
Investigating the Impact of Substance Use, Intimate Partner Violence, and COVID-19 on HIV Care Engagement among Young Black Sexual Minority Men with HIV in the US SouthR21DA053164 · NIDA · SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI STORHOLM, ERIK D. · 2021 to 2022
$477k
NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI036214NIDA NIH HHS R21DA044073NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA053164NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA023356NIDA NIH HHS T32DA023356NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH102171NIMH NIH HHS R01MH102171San Diego Center for AIDS Research P30AI036214-29
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBlack sexual minority men (BSMM) are disproportionately affected by HIV incidence and have lower rates of HIV care engagement (e.g., retention in care, viral suppression), particularly in the US South. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated co-occurring psychosocial syndemic factors (e.g., depression, violence, substance use) that disproportionately impact BSMM living with HIV (BSMM+), but the impact of the pandemic on HIV care engagement among BSMM+ in the US South has not been explored in depth.

methodsBSMM+ (n = 27) were recruited from a longitudinal cohort in Dallas and Houston, Texas. Participants with less-than-optimal HIV care engagement, previous experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV), and prevalence of self-reported substance use were purposively selected for in-depth interviews from June 2022 to August 2023. Interviews lasted 54 min on average and were audio-recorded, transcribed, and de-identified before applying a thematic analysis approach.

resultsOver half of participants experienced a relationship with IPV, used illicit substances in the past 60 days, and were depressed. Interviews highlighted that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, heightened levels of depression, substance use, and IPV individually and synergistically inhibited ART adherence and HIV care engagement. Participants described how IPV served to worsen their mental health and substance use, which, in turn, were the core drivers of poor HIV care engagement.

conclusionsThe findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the syndemics of IPV, mental health, and substance use, and these acted as barriers to HIV care engagement. Future adherence interventions should synergistically address syndemic factors to maximize effectiveness.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanCOVID-19HIV InfectionsIntimate Partner ViolenceMental HealthSexual and Gender MinoritiesSubstance-Related DisordersSyndemicAdultHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedSARS-CoV-2TexasWhiteCOVID-19HIV care engagementsexual minority mensyndemics

Identifiers

PMID40724134
PMCPMC12294665

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.