ArticleBiomolecules2025
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Denitroaristolochic Acids: Structural Insights and Mechanistic Implications in Nephrotoxicity.
Article in Biomolecules, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The efficient synthetic routes and evaluates cytotoxic profiles of denitroaristolochic acids II-V (DAA-II-V) were demonstrated in this study. Based on retrosynthetic analysis, a modular synthetic strategy was developed through Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, Wittig reaction, and bismuth triflate-catalyzed intramolecular Friedel-Crafts cyclization to efficiently construct the phenanthrene core. Process optimization significantly improved yields: aryl bromide intermediate A reached 50.8% yield via bromination refinement, while arylboronic ester intermediate B overcame selectivity limitations. Combining Darzens condensation with Wittig reaction enhanced throughput, achieving 88.4% yield in the key cyclization. Structures were confirmed by NMR and mass spectra. CCK-8 cytotoxicity assays in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells revealed distinct toxicological profiles: DAA-III and DAA-IV exhibited IC
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