ArticleBiology2025
Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Metformin Combination Therapy Synergistically Activate Nrf2-AMPK Signaling Pathways to Ameliorate Cognitive Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Encephalopathy: A Preclinical Study.
Article in Biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Essential micronutrients and biguanides (metformin) synergistic and antagonistic interactions on neurocognitive outcomes in type two diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Metformin Modulates Ferroptosis-Related and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Brown Adipose Tissue.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Encephalopathy: Cause, Pathogenesis, and Treatment.MedComm · 2026Review
- Research Progress on Pathology, Molecular Mechanisms, and Intervention Strategies of Cognitive Dysfunction Associated with Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy affects over 40% of diabetic patients globally, yet effective treatments remain critically limited. This study investigated the synergistic neuroprotective potential of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and metformin through the coordinated activation of Nrf2 and AMPK signaling pathways in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced encephalopathy. Using a clinically relevant streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced T2DM rat model, sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control, diabetic, ALA-treated (300 mg/kg), metformin-treated (50 mg/kg), and combination-treated groups over eight weeks. Combination therapy produced statistically validated synergistic effects with significant interaction terms (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.