ReviewCancers2025
Engineering Innate Immunity: Recent Advances and Future Directions for CAR-NK and CAR-Macrophage Therapies in Solid Tumors.
Review in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- In vivo CAR-M therapy: advancing precision delivery and programmable immune remodeling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Distinct NK Cell Signatures Define Prognosis in HPV-Positive Versus HPV-Negative Head and Neck Cancer.Cancers · 2026Article
- Beyond CAR-T and oncology: broadening chimeric antigen receptor technologies across cell types and diseases.Precision clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Beyond CRISPR: next-gen precision engineering of CAR-NK cells for enhanced persistence, trafficking, and tumor eradication.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Harnessing cellular immunotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma: an integrated roadmap for overcoming resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota-innate immune crosstalk in the initiation and progression of CRC: mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A new era in CAR-NK cell therapy: from technological innovations to clinical applications.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2026Review
- CAR-NK cell therapy: a new frontier in the treatment of pediatric autoimmune diseases.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2026Article
- Dual-module aCAR-iCAR NK cells for solid tumors: cascade resistance mechanisms, AI-driven engineering, and precision stratification.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Engineering immunity with CAR-NK cells: advancing the frontiers of cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- CAR-M therapy in the era of tumor immunotherapy: current research progress and engineering strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapies have transformed the treatment landscape for hematologic malignancies. Yet, translation to solid tumors remains constrained by antigen heterogeneity, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and poor persistence of conventional CAR-T cells. In response, innate immune cell platforms, particularly chimeric antigen receptor-engineered natural killer (CAR-NK) cells and chimeric antigen receptor-macrophages (CAR-MΦ), have emerged as promising alternatives. This review summarizes recent advances in the design and application of CAR-NK and CAR-MΦ therapies for solid tumors. We highlight key innovations, including the use of lineage-specific intracellular signaling domains (e.g., DAP12, 2B4, FcRγ), novel effector constructs (e.g., NKG7-overexpressing CARs, TME-responsive CARs), and scalable induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived platforms. Preclinical data support enhanced antitumor activity through mechanisms such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, trogocytosis, cytokine secretion, and cross-talk with adaptive immunity. Early-phase clinical studies (e.g., CT-0508) demonstrate feasibility and TME remodeling with CAR-MΦ. However, persistent challenges remain, including transient in vivo survival, manufacturing complexity, and risks of off-target inflammation. Emerging combinatorial strategies, such as dual-effector regimens (CAR-NK
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.