ArticleChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Mothers with Concurrent Opioid and Cocaine Use and Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome.
Article in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundPolysubstance use, particularly combining opioids with stimulants such as cocaine, is rising among individuals with substance use disorders. This practice aims to balance cocaine's stimulant effects with opioids' sedative effect, potentially decreasing adverse outcomes. We hypothesized that concurrent exposure to cocaine and opioids would reduce the risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) compared to opioid use alone.
methodsThis analysis draws from an ongoing prospective study of maternal substance use (SUD) at Regional One Health's perinatal center in Memphis, TN, and included mothers and their infants born between 2018 and 2022. Maternal SUD was identified via screening questionnaires, urine toxicology, or umbilical cord tissue analysis. Participants were grouped into using (a) opioids with cocaine (OwC) and (b) opioids without cocaine (OwoC). Univariate and regression analyses were conducted to assess the risk of NOWS.
resultsA total of 353 infants were born to 342 mothers, with 31% (110/353) of the infants born to women who used cocaine along with opioids. While maternal demographics were similar, the OwC group had significantly lower rates of prenatal care, chronic pain history, and MOUD enrollment (
conclusionsContrary to our hypothesis, our study highlights the significant impact of maternal cocaine use on the increased likelihood of NOWS and extended hospital stays for affected infants.
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