ArticleBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Effect of X-Ray Tube Angulations and Digital Sensor Alignments on Profile Angle Distortion of CAD-CAM Abutments: A Pilot Radiographic Study.
Article in Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparative Radiopacity of Additively Manufactured Permanent and Temporary Resins and Conventional Resin-Based Composites.Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Nallan's Direct Ray: An Innovative Gyroscopic-Guided Radiographic Device for Intraoral Radiography.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Management of Severely Reduced Interimplant Distance Using a Novel Eccentric Abutment: A 6-Year Case Report Featuring Digital Quantification of Implant Spacing.Case reports in dentistry · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis pilot study aimed to evaluate how deviations in X-ray tube head angulation and digital sensor alignment affect the radiographic measurement of the profile angle in CAD-CAM abutments. MATERIALS AND
methodsA mandibular model was used with five implant positions (central, buccal, and lingual offsets). Custom CAD-CAM abutments were designed with identical bucco-lingual direction contours and varying mesio-distal asymmetry for the corresponding implant positions. Periapical radiographs were acquired under controlled conditions by systematically varying vertical tube angulation, horizontal tube angulation, and horizontal sensor rotation from 0° to 20° in 5° increments for each parameter. Profile angles, interthread distances, and proximal overlaps were measured and compared with baseline STL data.
resultsProfile angle measurements were significantly affected by both X-ray tube and sensor deviations. Horizontal tube angulation produced the greatest profile angle distortion, particularly in buccally positioned implants. Vertical x-ray tube angulations beyond 15° led to progressive underestimation of profile angles, while horizontal tube head rotation introduced asymmetric mesial-distal variation. Sensor rotation also caused marked interthread elongation, in some cases exceeding 100%, despite vertical projection being maintained. Profile angle deviations greater than 5° occurred in multiple conditions.
conclusionsX-ray tube angulation and sensor alignment influence the reliability of profile angle measurements. Radiographs with > 10% interthread elongation or crown overlap may be inaccurate and warrant re-acquisition. Special attention is needed when imaging buccally positioned implants.
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