ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2025
Addressing health inequities: validating the Chinese-WSF28 workstyle for work-related musculoskeletal symptoms among cleaners.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThis pioneering study examined the psychometric properties of workstyle related to work-related musculoskeletal symptoms (WRMS) among cleaners, a neglected workforce. Like many low-income, low-skilled workers, cleaners have unique workstyles. This research assessed the Workstyle-Short Form (WSF) to identify WRMS in various body parts among cleaners.
methods433 cleaners were surveyed in the study. The items were modified from Chinese-WSF24 (C-WSF24) and new items were added according to the unique working environment of Chinese cleaners. A scale with 33 items of the workstyle was rigorously analysed for its psychometric properties through content validity, factor analysis, known group validity and convergent validity.
resultsA panel of 13 experts reviewed the scale over three rounds until a consensus was reached. Factor analysis generated a four-factor solution using exploratory factor analysis, which included working through pain, social reactivity at work, demands at work and breaks. This solution comprised 28 items and accounted for 46.12% of the total variance. The overall results of the confirmatory factor analysis further support this hypothesized factor structure, supported by the Workstyle Model. Validation against known groups also showed that the Chinese-WSF28 (C-WSF28) can discriminate between cleaners with and without WRMS in various body parts. Furthermore, C-WSF28 demonstrated convergent validity through statistically significant association with factors contributing to WRMS.
conclusionThe C-WSF28 is a valid instrument, enabling comprehensive measurement of cleaners' workstyle and facilitating rigorous evaluation of workstyle interventions for enhanced outcomes.
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