ArticleScientific reports2025
Array inspired wideband and high gain antenna with enhanced pattern diversity for 5G mm wave networks.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Design and analysis of tetra-port MIMO antenna for next generation vehicular communication.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A miniaturized dual-port circularly polarized MIMO patch antenna for SAR-compliant wearable X-band communication systems.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A high-gain Y-shaped patch array with an 8-port MIMO configuration for pattern diversity in mm-wave applications.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Dual and wideband mmWave 28/38 GHz quad port MIMO antenna for 5G and beyond applications.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This paper presents a four-port MIMO antenna array designed for future 5G millimeter-wave applications. Initially, a single antenna element is developed by loading two semi-circular stubs onto a basic rectangular patch to enhance the impedance bandwidth. To further improve the antenna's performance, a three-element array is designed and optimized for high-performance characteristics. Subsequently, the array is extended to a four-element MIMO configuration for diverse applications. The proposed antenna system is designed and analyzed using Rogers TMM-4 substrate with a thickness of 1.52 mm. This substrate is selected due to its low loss and dielectric properties similar to those of FR-4. The performance of all three antenna designs is evaluated in terms of S-parameters, gain versus frequency, radiation patterns, and radiation efficiency. Additionally, MIMO performance parameters are studied for the MIMO antenna configuration. The proposed antennas operate in the millimeter-wave frequency band ranging from 24.4 to 27.9 GHz. Beyond return loss and operational bandwidth, the array also offers high gain, and the investigation of MIMO performance metrics demonstrates excellent characteristics. To verify and validate the simulated results, hardware prototypes of both the standalone and array antennas are fabricated and measured. The measured results show good agreement with the simulated data. Finally, the performance of the proposed antenna is compared with recently published work. The results and comparison confirm that the proposed antenna features a compact size and simple structural configuration, while offering wide bandwidth, high gain, and acceptable MIMO parameter values. These attributes make the proposed antenna a strong candidate for integration into upcoming 5G devices operating in the millimeter-wave spectrum.
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