ArticleBMC plant biology2025
The response of Panax ginseng root microbial communities and metabolites to nitrogen addition.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Root Exudates Are Linked to Antibiotic Resistance Gene Variation by Modulating Rhizosphere Microbial Community Assembly Under Swine Wastewater Irrigation.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Short-term effects of biochar amendment on root-microbe interactions in natural and peri-urban soils.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Substrate-driven reprogramming of the rhizosphere metabolome underlies enhanced tomato growth and quality in soilless cultivation.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Environmental and Rhizosphere Microbiome Drivers of Metabolic Profiles inFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundNitrogen availability plays a pivotal role in shaping the composition of root-associated microbial consortia in plants. Nevertheless, elucidating the mechanisms by which nitrogen availability regulates microbial populations and their metabolic activities across different root-associated ecological niches requires further investigation. This research employed an integrative approach combining microbiological approaches with non-targeted metabolomic analyses to examine nitrogen-mediated variations in microbial communities and metabolic processes within ginseng root systems. High-throughput sequencing alongside UPLC-MS/MS analytical platforms was utilized to conduct this multidimensional investigation.
resultsOur findings reveal that ginseng treated with N1 exhibited significantly increased yield by 29.90% compared to N0 and by 38.05% compared to N2 (p < 0.05). Additionally, nitrogen application markedly reduced the diversity of microbial communities within various segments of the root system, including rhizosphere soil (RS), rhizoplane soil (TS), fibrous roots (F), and phloem (P). Concurrently, there was a shift in bacterial communities from oligotrophic to eutrophic groups, with specific enrichment of groups such as Rhodanobacter and Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, which play crucial roles in the nitrogen cycling process. Metabolomic profiling revealed substantial modifications in soil metabolite profiles under nitrogen treatment, with marked alterations detected across 11 critical biochemical pathways encompassing plant-derived secondary metabolite biosynthesis and environmental microbial metabolic processes. Correlation analysis further indicated that the yield of ginseng and total ginsenoside content in F consistently varied in conjunction with soil nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻-N) content in the RS. Additionally, m-cresol was found to play a pivotal role in inhibiting the pathogenic fungus Alternaria, actively responding to pH fluctuations and promoting the synthesis of total ginsenosides in ginseng.
conclusionThese insights elucidate the complex interplay between nitrogen levels and both microbial and metabolomic dynamics, providing a foundational understanding for the strategic manipulation of microbial communities to enhance the sustainability of ginseng agriculture.
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