Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40721615›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Biosynthesis and bioactivity of anti-inflammatory triterpenoids in Calendula officinalis.

D Golubova, M Salmon, H Su, C Tansley, G G Kaithakottil, G Linsmith, C Schudoma, D Swarbreck, M A O'Connell, N J Patron

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Cytotoxic Triterpenes from Argan Pulp (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  4. Assessing the Safety of Carbon Dioxide Extracts ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  5. Chitosan-Entrapped TiOPolymers · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

D Golubova *Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4989-8187
M Salmon *Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK. melissa.salmon@earlham.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8115-0980
H Su *Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
C TansleyEngineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8106-4329
G G KaithakottilEngineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1360-7808
G LinsmithEngineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
C SchudomaEngineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-1354
D SwarbreckEngineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5453-1013
M A O'ConnellSchool of Chemistry, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. m.oconnell@uea.ac.uk.
N J PatronEngineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK. njp56@cam.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8389-1851

Funding

RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) BBS/E/ER/230002BRCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) BBS/E/ER/23NB0006RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) BB/T008717/1 Project No. 2578291RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) BB/W014173/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Plants have been central to traditional medicine for millennia, yet the precise metabolites responsible for their therapeutic properties often remain unidentified. In this work, we investigate the reported anti-inflammatory properties of Calendula officinalis (pot marigold), an ancient medicinal herb. We confirm C16-hydroxylated triterpenoids as key contributors to the anti-inflammatory activity of C. officinalis floral extracts and uncover a mechanism by which they act in modulating interleukin 6 release. Through biosynthetic pathway elucidation, we demonstrate that the oxidosqualene synthase catalysing the first committed step emerged early in Asteraceae evolution and identify residues governing product specificity. Further, we functionally characterise cytochrome P450s and acyltransferases responsible for downstream modifications. By reconstructing the complete biosynthetic pathway in the plant chassis Nicotiana benthamiana, we provide a basis for the future bioproduction of the anti-inflammatory components. Our work highlights how integrated studies of bioactivity and biosynthesis can unlock the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants.

Indexed as

Anti-Inflammatory AgentsCalendulaTriterpenesAnimalsBiosynthetic PathwaysCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemHumansInterleukin-6Intramolecular TransferasesMiceNicotianaPlant ExtractsPlant ProteinsPlants, MedicinalAnti-Inflammatory AgentsCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemInterleukin-6Intramolecular Transferaseslanosterol synthasePlant ExtractsPlant ProteinsTriterpenes

Identifiers

PMID40721615
PMCPMC12304140

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.