Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40721511›Full record

ArticleNature biomedical engineering2026

Efficient and sustained optogenetic control of sensory and cardiac systems.

Alexey Alekseev, Victoria Hunniford, Maria Zerche, Marcus Jeschke, Fadhel El May, Anna Vavakou, Dominique Siegenthaler, Marc A Hüser, Svenja M Kiehn, Aida Garrido-Charles and 17 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Smart Optogenetics for Real-Time Automated Control of Cardiac Electrical Activity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Materials and System Design for Self-Decision Bioelectronic Systems.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Direct Stimulation of Gastric Smooth Muscle Cells via GNeurogastroenterology and motility · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors.

Alexey Alekseev *Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8990-1662
Victoria Hunniford *Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2288-624X
Maria Zerche *Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Marcus Jeschke *Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9109-8765
Fadhel El May *Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-7926-8604
Anna Vavakou *Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2812-4999
Dominique Siegenthaler *Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0385-467X
Marc A HüserDepartment of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Svenja M KiehnInstitute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Aida Garrido-CharlesInstitute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9577-6682
Alexander MeyerDepartment of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Adrian RambouskyInstitute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Theocharis AlvanosInstitute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Isabel WitzkeInstitute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Keila Dara Rojas-GarciaMontreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-4375-5328
Martin D DrabandInstitute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Lukas CyganekCluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9120-1382
Eric KleinDepartment of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Patrick RutherDepartment of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7358-003X
Antoine HuetInstitute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6151-7183
Stuart TrenholmMontreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5792-0957
Emilie MacéCluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0096-8436
Kathrin KuschInstitute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Tobias BruegmannCluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6930-9634
Bettina J WolfInstitute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. bettinajulia.wolf@med.uni-goettingen.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0512-1381
Thomas MagerInstitute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. Thomas.Mager@med.uni-goettingen.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9571-7033
Tobias MoserInstitute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. tmoser@gwdg.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7145-0533

Funding

Canada Research Chairs (Chaires de recherche du Canada) 398769Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) EXC2067Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) EXC 2067/1-390729940
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Optogenetic control is used to manipulate the activity of specific cell types in vivo for a variety of biological and clinical applications. Here we report ChReef, an improved variant of the channelrhodopsin ChRmine. ChReef offers minimal photocurrent desensitization, a unitary conductance of 80 fS and closing kinetics of 30 ms, which together enable reliable optogenetic control of cells at low light levels with good temporal fidelity and sustained stimulation. We demonstrate efficient and reliable red-light pacing and depolarization block of ChReef-expressing cardiomyocyte clusters. We used adeno-associated-virus-based gene transfer to express ChReef in retinal ganglion cells, where it restores visual function in blind mice with light sources as weak as an iPad screen. Toward optogenetic hearing restoration, ChReef enables stimulation of the auditory pathway in rodents and non-human primates with nanojoule thresholds, enabling efficient and frequency-specific stimulation by LED-based optical cochlear implants.

Indexed as

OptogeneticsAnimalsBlindnessChannelrhodopsinsCochlear ImplantsDependovirusHumansLightMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMyocytes, CardiacRetinal Ganglion CellsRhodopsinChannelrhodopsinsRhodopsin

Identifiers

PMID40721511
PMCPMC12920086

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.