ArticleNature communications2025
Mitigating hypersonic heat barrier via direct cooling enhanced by leidenfrost inhibition.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exact solutions of nonlinear thermodynamic wave patterns in graphene sheets for advanced material applications.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Temperature-Dependent Infrared Engineering for Extreme Environments: All-Dielectric Thermal Photonic Metamaterials Stable at 1873 K in Air.Nano-micro letters · 2026Article
- Sustained and Enhanced Nucleate Boiling Using Hierarchical Architectures at Large Superheats.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Heat barrier, the unrestricted increase in airplane or rocket speeds caused by aerodynamic heating, which-without adequate provisions for cooling the exposed surfaces-can lead to the loss of a hypersonic vehicle's reusability, maneuverability, and cost-effectiveness. To date, indirect thermal protection methods, such as regenerative cooling, film cooling, and transpiration cooling, have proven to be complex and inefficient. Here, we propose a direct liquid cooling system to mitigate the heat barrier, utilizing a blunt-sharp structured thermal armor (STA)-a recently proposed material [36] to elevate the Leidenfrost point. The fiber-metal nano-/micro-STA withstands rigorous simulated hypersonic aerodynamic heating using butane and acetylene flames, ensuring effective temperature management in scenarios where flame temperatures reach up to 3000 °C-far exceeding the melting point of the STA substrate. Systematic cycling and durability tests further confirm the STA's exceptional tolerance and robustness under extreme conditions. This work offers an efficient thermal protection method for hypersonic vehicles.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.